What coding problem-solving techniques work best for complex issues?

[Amelia73]

I often find myself stuck on difficult problems and my usual approaches don't work. What coding problem-solving techniques do you use when you hit a really tough challenge? I'm looking for systematic approaches beyond just trial and error. How do you develop good developer mental models for approaching unfamiliar problems?

[James.D]

For coding problem-solving techniques with complex issues, I use a systematic approach: First, make sure I understand the problem completely (sometimes writing it down helps). Break it into smaller subproblems. Research similar problems and solutions. Prototype possible solutions quickly to test assumptions. For developer mental models, I think in terms of data flow and state changes what information goes where and how it transforms.

[AlexanderA]

When stuck, I switch perspectives. How would I explain this problem to someone else? What assumptions am I making? Sometimes drawing diagrams helps visualize the problem. For developer mental models, I build understanding in layers: start with the high-level architecture, then drill down into components, then into implementation details. This helps avoid getting lost in complexity.

[Alexander.L]

I use rubber duck debugging literally. Explaining the problem out loud often reveals gaps in my understanding. For systematic approaches, I like to work backwards from the desired outcome. What conditions need to be true for the solution to work? Then figure out how to make those conditions true. This is one of those coding problem-solving techniques that works for many types of problems.